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Baruch Spinoza, also known as Bento Spinoza, was a radical philosopher of the early modern period. His unique system of

Ayn Rand, the influential writer and philosopher, developed a comprehensive philosophic system known as Objectivism. This philosophy, which she considered

Arthur Schopenhauer, a 19th-century philosopher, developed a unique philosophy that challenged the prevailing belief that the universe is rational. Influenced

Karl Popper, a renowned philosopher of science and social and political philosopher, is considered one of the most influential thinkers

Hannah Arendt, a prominent political philosopher of the twentieth century, has left a lasting impact on the field of political

Noam Chomsky, an American linguist, has made significant contributions to philosophy through his groundbreaking work on language. Chomsky proposes that

Jacques Derrida, a renowned French philosopher, is widely known for his development of the philosophy of deconstruction. His ideas and

Michel Foucault, the renowned French historian and philosopher, has left an indelible mark on a wide range of academic disciplines.